切削加工是用金属切削刀具在机床上切除工件 （毛坯） 上多余的金属，从而使工件的形状、尺寸和表面质量符合设计要求的工艺方法。切削过程中，刀具和工件安装在机床上，由机床带动实现一定规律的相对运动。在刀具与工件的相对运动过程中，多余的金属被切除，形成了工件的已加工表面。常见的金属切削加工方式有车削、铣削、刨削、拉削、磨削等。金属切削过程中存在力、热、变形、振动、磨损等现象。对加工过程、加工质量都存在一定的影响。
Cutting is a process that uses metal cutting tools to cut off the excess metal on the workpiece (blank) on the machine tool, so as to make the shape, size and surface quality of the workpiece meet the design requirements. In the process of cutting, the cutter and workpiece are installed on the machine tool, and the machine tool drives them to realize certain regular relative motion. In the process of the relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, the excess metal is cut off, forming the machined surface of the workpiece. Common metal cutting methods include turning, milling, planing, broaching, grinding, etc. In the process of metal cutting, there are force, heat, deformation, vibration, wear and other phenomena. It has a certain influence on the processing process and processing quality.