机械加工生产机床本身的制造误差主要包括主轴回转误差、导轨误差和传动链误差。
The manufacturing errors of machine tools include spindle rotation errors, guide errors and transmission chain errors.
主轴回转误差是指主轴各瞬间的实际回转轴线相对其平均回转轴线的变动量，它将直接影响被加工工件的精度。主轴回转误差产生的主要原因有主轴的同轴度误差、轴承本身的误差、轴承之间的同轴度误差、主轴绕度等。导轨是机床上确定各机床部件相对位置关系的基准，也是机床运动的基准。导轨本身的制造误差、导轨的不均匀磨损和安装质量是造成导轨误差的重要因素。传动链误差是指传动链始末两端传动元件间相对运动的误差。它是由传动链中各组成环节的制造和装配误差，以及使用过程中的磨损所引起的。
Spindle rotation error refers to the variation of the actual rotation axis of the spindle relative to its average rotation axis at each instant, which will directly affect the accuracy of the workpiece being processed. The main causes of spindle rotation error are the coaxiality error of spindle, the error of bearing itself, the coaxiality error between bearings, the spindle winding and so on. Guideway is the benchmark for determining the relative position relationship of machine tool components, and also the benchmark for machine tool movement. The manufacturing error of the guide itself, the uneven wear and installation quality of the guide are the important factors causing the error of the guide. The transmission chain error refers to the relative motion error between the transmission elements at the beginning and the end of the transmission chain. It is caused by the manufacturing and assembly errors of the components of the transmission chain and the wear and tear in the use process.