机械零件加工技术要求汇总
Summary of machining technical requirements for mechanical parts
一。零件的轮廓处理：
A. The contour processing of the parts:
1、未注形状公差应符合GB1184-80的要求。
1. The non - injection of shape tolerance should meet the requirements of GB1184-80.
2、未注长度尺寸允许偏差±0.5mm。
2. The allowable deviation of the length of the uninjected length is + 0.5mm.
3、未注圆角半径R5。
3. No circular radius R5.
4、未注倒角均为C2。
4, the unbeveled angle is C2.
5、锐角倒钝。
5, sharp angle obtuse.
6、锐边倒钝，去除毛刺飞边。
6, sharp edge down blunt, remove burr flying edge.
二。零件表面处理：
Two. Surface treatment of parts:
1、零件加工表面上，不应有划痕、擦伤等损伤零件表面的缺陷。
1. On the surface of the parts, there should be no defects on the surface of the parts, such as scratches and scratches.
2、加工的螺纹表面不允许有黑皮、磕碰、乱扣和毛刺等缺陷。
The thread surface 2, processing is not allowed to have black, bump, disorderly buckle and burr.
所有需要进行涂装的钢铁制件表面在涂漆前，必须将铁锈、氧化皮、油脂、灰尘、泥土、盐和污物等除去。
The surface of all steel parts that need to be coated must be removed from rust, oxide skin, oil, dust, dirt, salt and dirt before the paint is painted.
3、除锈前，先用有机溶剂、碱液、乳化剂、蒸汽等除去钢铁制件表面的油脂、污垢。
3, before removing rust, the organic solvent, alkaline solution, emulsifier, steam and so on are used to remove the oil and dirt on the surface of steel parts.
4、经喷丸或手工除锈的待涂表面与涂底漆的时间间隔不得多于6h。
4. The time interval between the coated surface and the painted primer by shot peening or manual rust removal shall not be more than 6h.
5、铆接件相互接触的表面，在连接前必须涂厚度为30～40μm防锈漆。搭接边缘应用油漆、腻子或粘接剂封闭。由于加工或焊接损坏的底漆，要重新涂装。
5, the surface of the riveting parts contact with each other must be coated with 30~40 m rustproof paint before connection. The lap edges are closed with paint, putty, or adhesive. As a result of processing or welding damage of the primer, it is to be repainted.
三。零件的热处理：
Three. Heat treatment of parts:
1、经调质处理，HRC50～55。
1, after tempering, HRC50 - 55.
2、中碳钢：45 或40Cr 零件进行高频淬火，350～370℃回火，HRC40～45。
2, medium carbon steel: 45 or 40Cr parts for high frequency quenching, tempering at 350~370 C, HRC40 to 45.
3、渗碳深度0.3mm。
3, carburizing depth 0.3mm.
4、进行高温时效处理。
4. High temperature aging treatment.
四。精加工后技术要求
Four. Technical requirements after finishing
1、精加工后的零件摆放时不得直接放在地面上，应采取必要的支撑、保护措施。2、加工面不允许有锈蛀和影响性能、寿命或外观的磕碰、划伤等缺陷。
1. When finishing the parts, the parts should not be placed directly on the ground, and necessary support and protection measures should be taken. 2, the machined surface is not allowed to rust and decay affect performance, service life or the appearance of the bump, scratches and other defects.
3、滚压精加工的表面，滚压后不得有脱皮现象。
3, rolling and finishing the surface, no desquamation after rolling.
4、最终工序热处理后的零件，表面不应有氧化皮。经过精加工的配合面、齿面不应有退火
4. The surface of the part after the heat treatment of the final process should not have the oxide skin. Unannealed face and tooth surface after finishing
五。零件的密封处理：
Five. The sealing treatment of the parts:
1、各密封件装配前必须浸透油。
1. The oil must be soaked before the assembly of the seals.
2、组装前严格检查并清除零件加工时残留的锐角、毛刺和异物。保证密封件装入时不被擦伤。
2. Strictly check and remove the residual sharp angle, burr and foreign object in the processing of parts before assembly. Ensure that the seals are not bruised when they are loaded.
3、粘接后应清除流出的多余粘接剂。
3, after bonding, the excess adhesive should be removed.
六齿轮技术要求：
Six gear technology requirements:
1、齿轮装配后，齿面的接触斑点和侧隙应符合GB10095和GB11365的规定。
1. After gear assembly, the contact spots and backlash of the tooth surface should be in accordance with the rules of GB10095 and GB11365.
2、齿轮（蜗轮）基准端面与轴肩（或定位套端面）应贴合，用0.05mm塞尺检查不入。并应保证齿轮基准端面与轴线的垂直度要求。
2, gear (worm) reference face and the shoulder (or positioning sleeve end) should be attached with the 0.05mm ruler. And the verticality of the base end and the axis of the gear should be guaranteed.
3、齿轮箱与盖的结合面应接触良好。
3. The contact of the gear box and the cover should be in good contact.
七轴承技术要求：
Seven bearing technical requirements:
1、装配滚动轴承允许采用机油加热进行热装，油的温度不得超过100℃。
1, the assembly of the rolling bearing allows the use of oil to heat the heat, the temperature of the oil must not exceed 100 degrees.
2、轴承外圈与开式轴承座及轴承盖的半圆孔不准有卡住现象。
2. The semicircle holes of the bearing outer ring and the open bearing seat and the bearing cover are not allowed to be stuck.
3、轴承外圈与开式轴承座及轴承盖的半圆孔应接触良好，用涂色检查时，与轴承座在对称于中心线120°、与轴承盖在对称于中心线90°的范围内应均匀接触。在上述范围内用塞尺检查时，0.03mm的塞尺不得塞入外圈宽度的1/3。
The semicircle hole 3, open the bearing outer ring and bearing seat and a bearing cover should be good contact with paint inspection, and the bearing is in the range of 120 DEG, symmetrical to the center line and the bearing cover at 90 DEG symmetrical to the center line of the internal uniform contact. In the range check with the feeler, 0.03mm or 1/3 into the outer ring width gauge.
4、轴承外圈装配后与定位端轴承盖端面应接触均匀。
4. After the bearing outer ring is assembled, the end face of the bearing cover should be even in contact.
5、滚动轴承装好后用手转动应灵活、平稳。
5, the rolling bearing should be flexibly and smoothly when it is loaded with the hand.
6、上下轴瓦的结合面要紧密贴和，用0.05mm塞尺检查不入。
With 6, upper and lower bearing surface to tightly and, with the 0.05mm ruler.
7、用定位销固定轴瓦时，应在保证瓦口面和端面与相关轴承孔的开合面和端面包持平齐状态下钻铰、配销。销打入后不得松动。
7, the positioning pin fixed bearing, should be to ensure tile mouth surface and the end surface and the bearing hole opening and closing and end package flat hinge, distribution under the state of qi. The pin can not be loosened after entering.
8、球面轴承的轴承体与轴承座应均匀接触，用涂色法检查，其接触不应小于70%。
The bearing body and the bearing seat 8, spherical bearing contact should be uniform, check with coloring method, the contact should not be less than 70%.
9、合金轴承衬表面成黄色时不准使用，在规定的接触角内不准有离核现象，在接触角外的离核面积不得大于非接触区总面积的10%。
9, when the alloy bearing lining is yellow, it is not allowed to use it. There is no nuclear separation phenomenon in the specified contact angle. The area outside the contact angle should not be larger than 10% of the total area of the non-contact area.
八螺钉、螺栓和螺母技术要求：
Eight technical requirements for screws, bolts and nuts:
1、螺钉、螺栓和螺母紧固时，严禁打击或使用不合适的旋具和扳手。紧固后螺钉槽、螺母和螺钉、螺栓头部不得损坏。
1. When fastening screws, bolts and nuts, it is strictly prohibited to strike or use unsuitable spenches and wrenches. Fastened screw slot, nut and screw, bolt head shall not be damaged.
2、规定拧紧力矩要求的紧固件，必须采用力矩扳手，并按规定的拧紧力矩紧固。
2. Fasteners required to tighten torque must be made of torque wrenches and fastened according to the prescribed tightening torque.
3、同一零件用多件螺钉（螺栓）紧固时，各螺钉（螺栓）需交叉、对称、逐步、均匀拧紧。
3. When the same parts are fastened with multiple screws (bolts), each screw (bolt) needs to be crossed, symmetrical, gradually and uniformly tightened.
4、平键与轴上键槽两侧面应均匀接触，其配合面不得有间隙。
4, the flat key and the axis of the key slot two sides should be even contact, its matching face must not have clearance.
九补焊技术要求：
Nine repair welding technical requirements:
1、补焊前必须将缺陷彻底清除，坡口面应修的平整圆滑，不得有尖角存在。
1, the defects must be completely removed before the repair welding, the slope surface should be smooth and smooth, no sharp angle exists.
2、根据铸钢件缺陷情况，对补焊区缺陷可采用铲挖、磨削，炭弧气刨、气割或机械加工等方法清除。
2, according to the situation of steel casting defects of welding defects can be used to shovel digging, grinding, removing carbon arc gouging, mechanical processing method.
3、补焊区及坡口周围20mm以内的粘砂、油、水、锈等脏物必须彻底清理。
3. The sands, oil, water and rust within 20mm around the weld zone and the slope must be thoroughly cleaned.
4、在补焊的全过程中，铸钢件预热区的温度不得低于350°C。
4. During the whole process of repair welding, the temperature of the preheating area of the cast steel must not be less than 350 C.
5、在条件允许的情况下，尽可能在水平位置施焊。
5, when the conditions permit, as far as possible in the horizontal position welding.
6、补焊时，焊条不应做过大的横向摆动。
6. When repairing welding, the welding rod should not make a large lateral swing.
7、铸钢件表面堆焊接时，焊道间的重叠量不得小于焊道宽度的1/3。
7. When the surface of the cast steel is welded, the overlap between the welds should not be less than 1/3 of the width of the welding path.
十铸件技术要求：
Ten technical requirements for castings:
1、铸件公差带对称于毛坯铸件基本尺寸配置。
1. The tolerance zone of castings is symmetrical to the basic size distribution of blank casting.
2、铸件表面上不允许有冷隔、裂纹、缩孔和穿透性缺陷及严重的残缺类缺陷
2. The surface of the castings is not allowed to have cold, crack, shrinkage and penetrating defects and serious defects.