1、新产品从设计研发到上市销售的一般流程：
1. The general process of new product development from design to sale:
大体分为四个部分：产品规划阶段、方案设计阶段、技术设计阶段和设计加工文档编制阶段。
It can be divided into four parts: product planning stage, project design stage, technology design stage and design and processing documentation stage.
2、机械零件的工作能力和计算准则
2. Working ability and calculation criterion of machine parts
机械零件丧失规定的功能，称为失效。在不发生失效的条件下，在规定期限内，零件所能工作的限度，称为零件的工作能力，通常这个限度是对载荷而言，所以又称承载能力。
Mechanical parts lose the specified function, called failure. In the absence of failure, within the specified period, the parts can work the limit, known as the work capacity of the part, usually this limit is for the load, so also known as the carrying capacity.
进行机械零件设计时，必须根据零件的失效形式分析失效的原因，提出防止或减轻失效的措施，根据不同的失效形式提出不同的设计计算准则。机械零件的设计计算准则，概括起来主要包括以下几种：
In the design of mechanical parts, it is necessary to analyze the causes of failure according to the failure forms of parts, propose measures to prevent or mitigate failures, and propose different design and calculation criteria according to different failure modes. The design and calculation criteria of mechanical parts are summarized as follows:
强度准则： 应力≤许用应力；
Strength criterion: stress is less than the allowable stress;
刚度准则： 变形量≤许用变形量；
Stiffness criterion: deformation is less than or equal to the allowable deformation;
耐磨性准则： 压强≤许用压强；
The wear resistance of the pressure is less than or equal to the allowable pressure criterion;
3、机械零件设计的一般流程：
3. The general process of mechanical parts design:
根据零件的使用要求，选择零件的类型或结构；
According to the use requirements of parts, choose the type or structure of parts;
根据零件的工作条件及对零件的特殊要求，选择合适的材料和热处理方法；
According to the working conditions of the parts and the special requirements of the parts, choose the appropriate materials and heat treatment methods;
根据零件的工作情况，确定作用于零件上的载荷(包括建立力学模型、进行载荷分析和计算、考虑各种因素对载荷的影响及确定零件的计算载荷)；
According to the working condition of the part, the load acting on the part is determined (including establishing the mechanical model, analyzing and calculating the load, taking into account the influence of various factors on the load and determining the calculation load of the part);
根据零件可能出现的失效形式，确定计算准则，并计算和确定出零件的基本尺寸；
According to the possible failure forms of parts, the calculation criteria are determined, and the basic dimensions of the parts are calculated and determined;
根据工艺性和标准化等要求进行零件的结构设计；
According to the requirements of process and standardization, the structural design of parts is carried out;
必要时应对零件进行校核计算；
The parts should be checked and calculated when necessary;
绘出零件的工作图；
Draw the working drawings of parts;
4、产品设计需要注意的设计原则：
4, product design should pay attention to the design principles:
简化零件的功能或形状；
Simplify the function or shape of a part;
最大限度地实现产品的标准化、通用化、系列化；
Realize the standardization, generalization and serialization of products to the maximum extent;
尽可能使设计图纸中所规定的材料牌号、品种、规格与现有材料的使用情况一致；
As far as possible, the material grades, varieties and specifications specified in the design drawings are consistent with the use of existing materials;
将毛坯工艺与加工工艺更有效地结合起来考虑；
The blank process and processing technology are more effectively combined to consider;
根据企业当前正常生产所采用的加工工艺、操作规则及相关信息来判断工艺设计的合理性；
The rationality of process design is judged according to the processing technology, operation rules and related information used in the normal production of the enterprise;
选择成熟加工工艺能保障的尺寸公差和表面粗糙度；
Selection of dimensional tolerances and surface roughness that can be guaranteed by mature processing technology;